human anatomy and physiology notes Things To Know Before You Buy

The adult human skeleton typically contains 206 named bones. These bones can be grouped in two divisions: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

appendicular skeleton – all bones of the upper and lower limbs, in addition the girdle bones that connect each limb towards the axial skeleton.

Talked about in the following paragraphs as part of the axial skeleton is a third subdivision, the visceral, comprising the lessen jaw, some things with the higher jaw, as well as the branchial arches, such as the hyoid bone.

cleavage – type of mitotic mobile division where the mobile divides but the overall quantity continues to be unchanged; this method serves to provide smaller sized and more compact cells.

Manage centre – compares values to their regular vary; deviations result in the activation of an effector.

cauda equina – bundle of spinal nerve roots that descend within the lower spinal cord underneath the very first lumbar vertebra and lie inside the vertebral cavity; has the looks of the horse’s tail.

capitate – through the lateral side, the third in the 4 distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the trapezoid laterally, the hamate medially, and largely Together with the third metacarpal distally.

cilia – modest appendage on sure cells get more info fashioned by microtubules and modified for movement of components over the cellular floor.

articular disc – meniscus; a fibrocartilage framework identified in between the bones of some synovial joints; delivers padding or smooths movements in between the bones; click here strongly unites the bones jointly.

The connection on the ribs for the breastbone—the sternum—is in all situations a secondary just one, introduced about from the rather pliable rib (costal) cartilages. The smaller joints concerning the ribs and the vertebrae allow a gliding motion on the ribs within the vertebrae during respiratory together with other activities. The motion is restricted through the ligamentous attachments among ribs and vertebrae.

axon phase – one extend of your axon insulated by myelin and bounded by nodes of Ranvier at possibly finish (apart from the initial, and that is after the Preliminary section, and the last, that's followed by the axon terminal).

alveolar duct – modest tube that prospects in the terminal bronchiole on the respiratory bronchiole and is particularly The purpose of attachment for alveoli.

This text is concerned generally Using the gross composition and the functionality in the skeleton of the normal human Grownup.

atrioventricular septum – cardiac septum Situated concerning the atria and ventricles; atrioventricular valves are located below.